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GCEEES-26

I. Green Chemical Engineering Principles & Practice

This area focuses on the implementation of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry in chemical processes and product design.

Subtopics:
- Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Green Catalysis: Designing catalysts for increased selectivity, reduced waste, and milder reaction conditions (e.g., organocatalysis, biocatalysis).
- Solvent-Free and Alternative Solvent Chemistry: Utilizing reactions in supercritical fluids (e.g., CO2), ionic liquids, or water as a solvent.
- Continuous Flow Chemistry: Replacing batch processes with inherently safer, more efficient, and scalable continuous-flow reactors.

Subtopics:
- Atom Economy and E-Factor: Metrics for quantifying waste generation and reaction efficiency.
- Sustainable Feedstocks: Utilizing renewable resources like biomass, CO2, and waste materials instead of fossil fuels (e.g., biorefineries).
- Process Intensification: Combining multiple unit operations into a single step to increase efficiency and reduce equipment size and energy use.

Subtopics:
- Inherently Safer Chemistry: Designing products and processes that minimize the risk of accidents, explosions, or releases.
- Design for Degradation: Creating chemical products (e.g., polymers, surfactants) that break down into benign products after use.
- Polymer Sustainability: Green routes to bioplastics, biodegradable polymers, and chemical/mechanical recycling techniques.

This area focuses on developing and implementing cleaner energy sources and technologies to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar Energy (PV and Thermal): Advanced materials for more efficient solar cells (e.g., perovskites) and solar fuels generation.

Bioenergy and Biofuels: Production of advanced biofuels (algae, cellulosic ethanol) and sustainable biomass conversion technologies (e.g., pyrolysis, gasification).

Hydrogen Economy: Green hydrogen production (electrolysis powered by renewables), storage, and use in fuel cells.

Advanced Battery Technologies: Developing next-generation batteries (e.g., solid-state, flow batteries, sodium-ion) for grid-scale storage.

Thermal Energy Storage (TES): Utilizing phase-change materials (PCMs) and other materials for efficient heat storage.

Industrial Energy Efficiency: Pinch analysis, heat exchanger networks, and process integration for minimizing utility consumption in chemical plants.

Capture Technologies: Chemical absorption, membrane separation, and adsorption (e.g., MOFs) for post-combustion CO2 capture.

CO2 Conversion (CCU): Catalytic conversion of captured CO2 into valuable products like fuels (CO2), methanol, or building materials.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of CCUS: Evaluating the true environmental impact and energy cost of different CCUS pathways.

This area covers the impacts of industrial activity on the environment and the methods for remediation and sustainable resource use.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Using ozone, or photocatalysis to degrade persistent organic pollutants (e.g., PFAS, pharmaceuticals).

Membrane Technology: Forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration for water recycling and desalination.

Resource Recovery from Wastewater: Extracting nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen) and heavy metals from industrial and municipal wastewater.

Control of NO2 and SO2 Emissions: Novel sorbents and catalytic converters for industrial flue gas cleaning.

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Abatement: Thermal oxidation, biofiltration, and adsorption techniques for controlling air toxics.

Indoor Air Quality: Chemical engineering approaches to filtration and air purification.

Industrial Ecology and Circular Economy: Designing industrial systems where the waste of one process is the input for another (zero-waste concepts).

Process Modeling and Simulation: Using advanced software to model the environmental footprint of chemical processes before they are built.

Regulatory Frameworks and Policy: The role of government policy (e.g., carbon taxes, renewable energy standards) in driving green engineering adoption.